McKenzie Kuhn University of Alberta Creator

Dept. of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta South Academic Building, 348D Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G7 Canada

6266586290 kuhn.mckenzie@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3871-1548 Ruth Varner University of New Hampshire and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research Creator

Durham New Hampshire 03824 United States of America

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3571-6629 David Bastviken Linköping University Creator

Linköping 581 83 Sweden

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0038-2152 Patrick Crill Stockholm University and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research Creator

Stockholm Sweden

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1110-3059 Sally MacIntyre University of California at Santa Barbara Creator

Santa Barbara California United States of America

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3644-7237 Merritt Turetsky University of Colorado Boulder Creator

Boulder Colorado United States of America

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0155-8666 Katey Anthony University of Alaska Fairbanks Creator

Fairbanks Alaska 99775-5860 United Sates of America

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2079-2896 David McGuire University of Alaska Fairbanks Creator

Fairbanks Alaska 99775-5860 United Sates of America

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-0750 David Olefeldt University of Alberta Creator

Dept. of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta South Academic Building, 348D Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G7 Canada

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5976-1475 2021 These are the data files for the Boreal-Arctic Wetland and Lake Database methane (CH4) flux dataset (BAWLD-CH4). The dataset is a synthesis of reported methane fluxes from natural ecosystems in the Boreal-Arctic region. The dataset is split into two components- 1) terrestrial methane fluxes (wetland and non-wetland) and 2) aquatic methane fluxes (lakes and ponds). BAWLD-CH4 was constructed in parallel with a compatible land cover dataset (Olefeldt et al. 2021) sharing the same land cover classes to enable refined bottom-up assessments of annual CH4 emissions from the Boreal-Arctic region. BAWLD-CH4 includes information on site-level, surface CH4 fluxes, but also on study design (measurement method, timing, and frequency) and site characteristics (vegetation, climate, hydrology, soil, and sediment types, permafrost conditions, lake size and depth, and BAWLD land cover class). For more details on the variables collected see the Metadata files. The following files are provided: 1) BAWLD_CH4_Terrestrial (.csv file). This file includes the data for terrestrial methane fluxes and associated variables 2) BAWLD_CH4_Aquatic (.csv file). This file includes the data for aquatic methane fluxes and associated variables methane north wetlands lakes flux emissions aquatic arctic boreal synthesis None This work is dedicated to the public domain under the Creative Commons Universal 1.0 Public Domain Dedication. To view a copy of this dedication, visit https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. http://doi.org/doi:10.18739/A2DN3ZX1R Boreal-Arctic biomes as defined by Olson et al. 2001 (https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2). The southern boundary moves but is approximately 55 degrees north. -180 180 90 45 2021 2021 McKenzie Kuhn University of Alberta Creator- project lead

Dept. of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta South Academic Building, 348D Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G7 Canada

kuhn.mckenzie@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3871-1548 NSF Arctic Data Center support@arcticdata.io http://arcticdata.io Q77285095 The terrestrial CH4 flux dataset includes warm season (~May-October depending on the location) fluxes and was compiled using data from studies published before February 2020. We identified new studies using 1) JStore™, Google Scholar™ and Web of Science™ searches with the terms (peatland OR wetland OR bog OR fen OR marsh OR upland) AND (north* OR boreal OR arctic OR sub-arctic) AND (methane OR CH4 OR greenhouse gas*); 2) references from published studies; and 3) contributions of unpublished data. If multiple, yearly CH4 flux and water table measurements were reported from one site or if multiple studies reported fluxes from the same site, the data were entered as separate individual lines and were considered each their own “site.” Sites that underwent manipulations (soil temperature, water table, nutrients, etc) were not included in the dataset, however, any control or undisturbed sites included within manipulation studies were included. Furthermore, sites that have recently undergone disturbance from thermokarst processes were included. Winter flux measurements from terrestrial sites were excluded from this dataset (winter/ice-out estimates from aquatic ecosystems are included). The terrestrial dataset includes predominantly chamber measurements at the sub-meter scale which allows for a detailed representation of specific land cover types (i.e. one land cover type per chamber measurement). However, a handful of eddy covariance measurements were included if the authors could clearly partition fluxes based on specific land cover classes . For more information on EC-based CH4 synthesis, we direct the readers to the FLUXNET-CH4 Community Product and additional FluxNet resources (fluxnet.org). We grouped chamber measurements from specific studies by “Site”, which we defined as surfaces with similar vegetation composition (dominant, present, absent) and physical characteristics (including water table position, permafrost conditions, organic layer depth, soil moisture, and pH) within proximity to each other (typically 1 – 100 m radius). In most cases, chambers and sites were already classified by these standards, however, sometimes it was necessary to combine or split chamber measurements presented by the authors into our site classifications. By combining and splitting sites this way, we were able to classify sites into BAWLD land cover classes. Average daily warm season fluxes were then calculated from the average CH4 flux from each site over the study’s measurement period. In addition to CH4 flux data, we extracted various site descriptors and categorical and continuous environmental variables (See Metadata for more information). For all sites, we included information on the site name (Site), location (LatDec/LongDec, Country), the months measurements were taken (SampMonths), the flux measurement method (Meth), the author’s description of the site (SiteDescrip), and vegetation composition. Most studies did not classify land cover types with similar BAWLD criteria, therefore we assigned BAWLD land cover classifications. Permafrost zone was assigned according to Brown et al. (1998). When reported, we also extracted continuous variables including Mean Annual Air Temperature (MAAT), Mean Annual Precipitation (MAP), growing season length, Net Ecosystem Productivity (NEP), Ecosystem Respiration (ER), Gross Ecosystem Photosynthesis (GPPPer), air temperature (TPer), soil temperature at 0-5 cm (TSoilA) and at 5-25 cm (TSoilB), water table depth (WTAv), organic layer depth (Org), active layer depth (AL), pH, and soil moisture (SoilMoist), all averaged over the same period as the flux measurements. The categorical variables collected include absence or presence of permafrost within the top two meters (PfConA), permafrost thaw (PfTh), and vegetation composition (absent, present, dominant) for graminoid (Carex spp. and Eriophorum spp; referred to as “Sedge” in the dataset), sphagnum moss (Sphag), non-sphagnum moss (Moss), tree, and shrub species. Vegetation composition of the functional plant type was considered dominant if that type made up greater than 50% of the reported biomass or areal coverage or was one of only two species present at the site. Trees were assigned as the dominant vegetation type if the canopy was described as closed. Gridded (0.5 by 0.5 degrees) climate variables including mean annual temperature (referred to as GRID_T) and mean annual precipitation (CD_Pcp_An) were extracted from WorldClim2 (http://www.worldclim.com/version2). The aquatic dataset includes ice-free season (~May-October depending on the location) and winter/ice-out fluxes and was compiled using data from studies published before February 2020. We identified new studies using 1) JStore™, Google Scholar™ and Web of Science™ searches with the terms (lake* OR pond*) AND (north* OR boreal OR arctic OR sub-arctic) AND (methane OR CH4 OR greenhouse gas*); 2) references from published studies; and 3) contributions of unpublished data. If multiple, yearly measurements were given for one site by the same study, we averaged the flux values. If different studies reported fluxes from the same lake then these data were reported as separate entries. In instances where open-water fluxes and storage/ice-out fluxes were reported for the same lake, those data were entered on separate lines, but the number of lakes was designated as NA for the winter measurement as to not add to the total lake count. We defined sites based on reported average CH4 fluxes. For example, some studies reported one average flux value for a group of lakes and this was considered one “site,” however the number of lakes was noted. Studies that only reported CH4 concentrations and not a flux estimate were not included. Similar to the terrestrial dataset, the aquatic dataset focuses on small-scale measurement techniques that allow for flux estimates to be attributed to one specific land cover class. Therefore ice-free season diffusive fluxes included in this dataset were measured using dissolved CH4 concentrations and modeling approaches or floating chambers, while ebullitive fluxes were measured by bubble trap or floating chamber. We classified all EC fluxes as diffusive fluxes as it is hard to separate between ebullition and diffusion within this measurement technique. We further delineated aquatic fluxes by transport pathway including ebullition (bubbles), diffusion (hydrodynamic flux), and winter storage/ice-out flux. Ebullition and diffusion measurements were averaged over the ice-free season to represent a mean daily flux estimate across a lake. In some cases, if measurements were only taken from one zone of the lake (i.e. just lake edge or just lake center) we averaged these and assumed whole-lake fluxes. Some studies only reported a seasonal ice-free flux estimate. If they also reported the number of days in the ice-free season we then calculated the average daily flux rate. Storage flux includes the annual release of CH4 that accumulates within and under the ice over the winter and also includes estimates from ice bubble surveys (IBS). Our storage flux estimate does not include estimates of spring or fall circulation fluxes, wherein CH4 that is stored in the deep portion of the water column is released upon season turnover of the water column. We also include an estimate of the ice-free season ebullition and diffusive fluxes if provided by the authors or if the authors provided the number of ice-free days. Note that flux measurements that include the transport of CH4 through littoral vascular plants were not included as aquatic fluxes, but as marsh or wet tundra fluxes within the terrestrial dataset. In addition to aquatic CH4 flux data, we also collected various site descriptors and categorical and continuous environmental variables (see Metadata for more information). For all sites we extracted information about the site name and location (latitude/longitude and country), the number of lakes for a reported flux estimate, sampling season (SEASON) and within lake sampling location (E.LOCATION), sampling pathway (PATHWAY), the general sampling dates (YEAR/MONTH) and the number of times sampled (D.DAYS/E.DAYS). When available, we added a column for the equation used to estimate the gas transfer velocity constant (K) using modeling approaches (K600_EQ). Categorical variables included lake sediment type (BOTTOM), permafrost zone (PERMA.ZONE), presence of talik (TALIK), ecoregion (ECOREGION), and the original lake sediment types outlined by Wik et al. (2016; DOI: 10.1038/NGEO2578) (LAKE.TYPE). BAWLD specific categorical variables include the overarching lake genesis type (TYPE), binned water body size (SIZE), and BAWLD land cover class (CLASS). When reported, we extracted the following continuous variables: surface area (SA), water body depth (DEPTH), water temperature (TEMP), dissolved organic carbon concentration (DOC), and pH. Gridded (0.5 by 0.5 degrees) climate variables including mean annual temperature (referred to as GRID_T) and mean annual precipitation (CD_Pcp_An) were extracted from WorldClim2 (http://www.worldclim.com/version2). The geographical extent includes the Boreal-Arctic biomes as defined by Olson et al. 2001 (https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2). The southern boundary movies but is approximately 55 degrees north. Each site (row of data) includes information on the site location and the sampling frequency for that specific site. No sampling description provided. Christina Schaedel coPrincipalInvestigator Edward A Schuur principalInvestigator National Science Foundation https://doi.org/10.13039/100000001 1931333 https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1931333 BAWLD_CH4_Terrestrial.csv This file includes the data for terrestrial methane fluxes and associated variables BAWLD_CH4_Terrestrial.csv 204165 dfbabe748961df7b1445a880f2be0f75 1 column , https://cn.dataone.org/cn/v2/resolve/urn:uuid:2cd142bd-c4e3-4d0e-91e5-e67dab0e46ad RefID Reference ID Number ID attached in independent publications Any text http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00001157 Dataset Data entry source Data entered originally included by Olefeldt et al doi: 10.1111/gcb.12071) or new data entered by Kuhn et al. All entries were updated to include additional information not include originally by Olefeldt et al. 2012. Olefeldt Entry from Olefeldt et al. 2012 Kuhn Entry from Kuhn et al. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00002744 Reference Author name and year published Any text LatDec Latitude Coordinates given by the authors in decimal degrees degree real http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00002130 LongDec Longitude Coordinates given by the authors in decimal degrees degree real http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00002132 Site Site Name Names of general site location/s provided by the authors Any text http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00002768 SiteID Shortened SiteID An abbreviated version of the site name Any text http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00002997 Country Country where the research took place Any text ID Measurement location ID Name of the individual plot or subsite where the measurement took place Any text - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00002432 Ecosystem Short name for the ecosytem type described by the authors Any text - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00003033 SiteDescrip Site Description A description of the site given by the authors Any text - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. Class Landcover Class BAWLD Landcover classification Bog Bog Fen Fen PermWet Tundra Wetland UpTundra Upland Tundra PermBog Permafrost Bog Boreal Boreal Forest - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00002664 ShoulderSeason Shoulder Season Are measurements from a should season reported in this study? Note_ shoulder season measurements were not included in the average fluxes calculated for this database. This column is for future reference if needed Y yes N no - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. Seas Season/s In what seasons are measurements reported for this study T Thaw season/spring S Summer/warm-season F Fall/autumn - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00002366 Year.P Publication Year Year the study was published YYYY - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. Years Measurement year/s Year/s the fieldwork took place YYYY - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00002050 SampleDays Sampling Days Number of days that measurements were taken nominalDay real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00002123 Month.Numbers Number of months that sampling took place over The span of months in which sampling occurred. For example, if sampling took place in June and July then the number of months would be 2 nominalMonth real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. SampMonths Sampling Months The months that sampling took place in Jn June M May J July A August S September O October - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00002047 Meth Flux Method Methane flux measurement method C Chamber E Eddy covariance C/E Chamber and eddy covariance reported, but chamber value chosen A Concentration gradient Coll Collars Number of collars used to estimate the average methane flux at a site dimensionless real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. Occ Occasions Number of times a flux was measured at an individual collar dimensionless real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. GrowSL Growing Season Length Length of the growing season in days as reported by the authors nominalDay real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00002123 CH4An Annual methane emissions Annual methane emissions in grams of CH4 per meter square per year as reported by the authors gramsPerMeterSquaredPerYear real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00000582 log.CH4 Log Daily methane emissions Log daily average methane emissions in miligrams CH4 per meter square per day milligramPerMeterSquaredPerDay real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. CH4.Pos Daily methane emissions + 5 to be converted to log values Daily methane emissions + 5, used to calculated log values. In milligrams CH4 per meter square per day milligramPerMeterSquaredPerDay real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. CH4Av Average daily methane emissions Average warm-season methane emissions in milligrams CH4 per meter square per day milligramPerMeterSquaredPerDay real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00000582 CH4Md Median daily methane emission Median warm-season emission, if reported by the authors, in milligrams CH4 per meter square per day milligramPerMeterSquaredPerDay real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00000582 CH4Mx Max daily methane emission max methane emission over the warm-season, if reported by the authors, in milligrams CH4 per meter square per day milligramPerMeterSquaredPerDay real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00000582 NEPPer Net Ecosystem Primary Productivity Net ecosystem primary productivity over the warm-season in grams carbon per meter square per year gramPerMeterSquaredPerYear real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00000037 ERPer Ecosystem Respiration Ecosystem respiration in grams carbon per meter square per year gramsPerMeterSquaredPerYear real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00000016 GEPPer Gross Ecosystem Productivity Gross ecosystem productivity over the warm-season in grams carbon per meter square per year gramsPerMeterSquaredPerYear real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. MAAT Mean Annual Temperature Mean Annual Temperature reported by the authors celsius real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00001104 MAP Mean Annual Precipitation Meant Annual Precipitation reported by the authors in millimeters per year millimetersPerYear real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00001162 TPer Air Temperature Reported air temperature at the time of the methane measurement celsius real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00001225 AveGridTemp Gridded Air Temperature Average gridded temperature over the growing season months for each study based on the BAWLD gridded monthly air temperatures from WorldClim2 celsius real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00001225 TSoilA Surface Soil Temperature Temperature of the soil in the top 5 centimeters in Celsius celsius real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00001230 TsoilB Deep Soil Temperature The temperature of the soil below 5 - 25 centimeters in Celsius celsius real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00001230 TSoilDepth Soil Temperature Depth Measurement depth for TsoilB in centimeters, if no deep temp reported, this depth represents TsoilA centimeter real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00001207 WTAv Water Table Average Average water table depth over the growing season, positive values represent water above the soil surface centimeter real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00001203 WTFit Water Table Fit Fitted water table depth in centimeters- this reported water table depths below 25 as 25 centimeter real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00001203 WTMax Water Table Max Max (highest) water table depth over the growing season in centimeters, positive values represent water above the soil surface centimeter real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00001203 WTMin Water Table Min Minimum (lowest) water table depth over the warm-season in centimeters, positive values represent water above the soil surface centimeter real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00001203 WTFluc Water Table Fluctuation Fluctuation of the water table depth over the growing season (range between max and min) in centimeters centimeter real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. SoilMoist Soil Moisture Soil Moisture percentage (%) percent real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00000517 SoilMostD Soil Moisture Depth Depth the soil moisture was measured in centimeters centimeter real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00001207 Org Organic Layer Depth Thickness of the organic layer in centimeters centimeter real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00001548 AL Active Layer Depth Active layer depth at the time of measurement, in centimeters centimeter real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00001210 Thaw Thaw Depth Thaw depth at the time of flux sampling in centimeters centimeter real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://www.purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00010114 PfReg Permafrost Region Permafrost region where the study took place. Determined by mapping the cooridnates over Brown et al. 1999- doi: https://doi.org/10.7265/skbg-kf16 C Continuous D Discontinuous S Sporadic/Isolated N No permafrost PfConA Permafrost Presence Permafrost present in the top 2 meters, reported by the authors Y yes N no - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. PfTh Permafrost Thaw Presence Permafrost thaw present, reported by the authors Y yes N no - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. pH pH The soil pH dimensionless real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00001645 Sedge Sedge present Sedge cover at the site A Absent P Present D Dominant - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. Sphag Sphagnum present Sphagnum moss cover at the site A Absent P Present D Dominant - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. Moss Non-sphagnum moss Non-sphagnum moss cover at the site A Absent P Present D Dominant - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. Trees Trees present Tree cover at the site A Absent P Present D Dominant - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. Shrubs Shrubs present Shrub cover at the site A Absent D Dominant P Present - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. Annual.Temp Mean Annual Temperature (gridded) Mean Annual Temperature in Celsius for each 0.5 by 0.5 grid cell from WorldClim2- http://www.worldclim.com/version2 celsius real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00001104 TotalID Unique Total Site ID This column combines the Site ID and ID columns. This column identifies measurements from the same site over different years or by different authors Any text http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00002997 CD_Pcp_An Mean annual precipitation (gridded) Gridded (0.5 by 05. degrees) mean annual precipitation in millimeters per year from WorldClim2- http://www.worldclim.com/version2 millimeter real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00001104 BIOME Biome Biome as defined by Olson et al. 2001 - https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2 11 Tundra 6 Boreal - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00002727 DOI Digital Object Identifier DOI link to the article in which the data was extract from. Any text * BAWLD_CH4_Aquatic.csv This file includes the data for aquatic methane fluxes and associated variables BAWLD_CH4_Aquatic.csv 151005 a046bf53875d077499169d5f8c3b3833 1 column , https://cn.dataone.org/cn/v2/resolve/urn:uuid:d169e155-9e96-4d8a-a752-0901e1e60448 ID Row ID Unique identifier for individual rows Each number corresponds to a row http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00001157 NUM Study number Number ID for independent publications Each number corresponds to an individual study http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00002299 STUDY Reference Author name and year published Any text DATASET Data entry source Data entered originally included by Wik et al (DOI: 10.1038/NGEO2578) or new data entered by Kuhn et al. All entries were updated to include additional information not include originally by Wik et al 2016. WIK Data originally entered by Wik et al. 2016 KUHN Data entered by Kuhn et al. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00002744 YEAR Publishing year Year the study was published YYYY COUNTRY Country Country where the research took place Any text SITE Lake name Name/s of the lakes provided by the authors Any text http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00002566 NUMBER.LAKES Number of Lakes Number of lakes represented by the average flux value presented dimensionless real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00001141 LAT Latitude Site latitude in decimal degrees, provided by the authors degree real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00002130 LONG Longitude Site longitude in decimal degrees, provided by the authors degree real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00002132 ECOREGION Ecoclimate Region Ecoclimatic regions as define by Olson et al. 2001 - https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2 CB Continental boreal SB Subarctic boreal ST Subarctic tundra AT Arctic tundra PERMA.ZONE Permafrost Zone Permafrost region where the study took place. Determined by mapping the cooridnates over Brown et al. 1999- doi: https://doi.org/10.7265/skbg-kf16 C Continuous D Discontinuous S Sporadic/isolated N No permafrost LAKE.TYPE Lake type (non-BAWLD definition) Lake type definitions originally outlined by Wik et al. 2016 BP Beaver pond PP Peatland pond GP Glacial/post-glacial T Thermokarst U Unspecified http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00002742 BOTTOM Sediment Type Sediment type as described by the authors M Minerogenic O Organic P Peat Y Yedoma U Unspecified - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. TALIK Talik present Is a talik present under the lake Y yes N no - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. SA Water body surface area Surface area in kilometers squared reported by authors or determined by GIS if only the coordinates were given squareKilometers real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. DEPTH Waterbody depth Water body depth in meters provided by the authors meter real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00001203 SEASON Season The time of the year the sampling took place. "Winter" includes winter/spring ice surveys and ice-out measurements Winter Winter emissions and spring ice out Ice-free Ice-free season emissions http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00002366 YEAR.S Sampling year(s) The year or years the sampling took place YYYY - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00002050 MONTH Sampling months The month or months the sampling took place. The months are written out. In some cases, a range of months is given. For example, June-August represents sampling months of June, July, and August. Any text - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00002047 PATHWAY Transport pathway measured The flux transport pathways measured D Diffusion E Ebullition S Winter storage/ice-out DE Diffusion and ebullition DS Diffusion and storage D.METHOD Diffusive measurement method The measurement method for diffusive fluxes CH Floating chamber WS Water sample ED Eddy covariance - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. K600_EQ K600 equation The equation used to estimate the gas velocity coefficient (K) when calculating diffusive methane emissions Any text - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. K_REF K600 reference Citation for the k equation used to calculate the diffusive flux Any text - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. E.METHOD Ebullition measurement method The measurement method for ebullitive fluxes BT Bubble trap WS Water sample IS Ice survey - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. E.LOCATION Ebullition measurement location Location within the lake of the reported ebullition measurement C Center of the lake E Edge of the lake W Whole-lake averaged estimate - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. S.METHOD Storage method The measurement method for storage/Ice-out emissions BT Bubble trap WS Water sample IS Ice survey - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. D.DAYS Diffusive measurement days The number of individual days diffusion was measured at the same lake nominalDay real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00002123 E.DAYS Ebullition measurement days Total number of days a bubble trap was set to measure ebullition nominalDay real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00002123 LENGTH Field sampling campaign length The duration of the field sampling campaign for each lake in days nominalDay real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00002123 CH4.D.FLUX Diffusive methane flux Mean daily diffusive emissions in milligrams methane per meter square per day milligramPerMeterSquaredPerDay real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00000582 CH4.E.FLUX Ebullitive methane emissions Mean daily ebullitive emissions in milligrams methane per meter square per day milligramPerMeterSquaredPerDay real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00000582 Seasonal.Diff.Flux Seasonal diffusive emission Total diffusive emissions over the season in grams methane per meter square per year. Only included if the authors reported this value or the number of ice-free days gramPerMeterSquaredPerYear real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00000582 Seasonal.Ebul Seasonal Ebullitive Emissions Total ebullitive emissions over the season in grams methane per meter square per year. Only included if the authors reported this value gramPerMeterSquaredPerYear real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00000582 Seasonal.Storage Seasonal Storage/iceout Below ice methane storage released upon ice-out in the spring in grams methane per meter square per year. gramPerMeterSquaredPerYear real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. IBS Ice Bubble Storage Emissions Ice-bubble methane storage released upon ice-out in spring in grams methane per meter square per year. gramPerMeterSquaredPerYear real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. TEMP Water Temperature Water temperature in Celsius, as reported by the authors celsius real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00001227 DOC Dissolved Organic Carbon DOC concentration in milligrams of carbon per liter as reported by the authors milligramPerLiter real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00002143 PH Waterbody pH Waterbody pH dimensionless real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00001159 ICEFREE.DAYS Number of Icefree days Number of ice-free days for the lake as reported by the authors nominalDay real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00002123 CLASS Lake landcover class BAWLD land cover class LL Large lake MGL Midsize glacial/post-glacial lake MPL Midsize peatland lake MYL Midsize yedoma lake SGL Small glacial/post-glacial lake SPL Small peatland lake SYL Small yedoma lake http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00002742 SIZE Binned land cover class size for each lake BAWLD land cover lake size in three categories based on lake surface area in kilometers squared S Small: surface area less than 0.1 kilometers squared M Midsize: surface area between 0.1 and 10 kilometers squared L Large: surface area greater than 10 kilometers squared - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. TYPE Landcover class type only BAWLD land cover- lake origin type only G Glacial/post-glacial or organic poor/other P Peat or organic-rich Y Yedoma - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00002664 CD_Pcp_An Mean annual precipitation (gridded) Gridded mean annual precipitation in millimeters per year from WorldClim2- http://www.worldclim.com/version2 millimetersPerYear real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00001162 BIOME Biome Biome as defined by Olson et al. 2001 - https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2 11 Tundra 6 Boreal - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00002727 GRID_T Mean annual temperature (gridded) Gridded (0.5 by 0.5 degree) mean annual temperature in Celsius from WorldClim2- http://www.worldclim.com/version2 celsius real - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00001104 NOTES Notes Miscellaneous notes on the data Any text - Data that was not provided by the study. Either it was not measured by those authors or it was not available in the paper or supplemental. DOI Digital Object Identifier DOI link to the article in which the data was extract from. Any text * one month in a nominalYear millimeters per year